Device And Method For Electrical Energy Synthesis

ABSTRACT

An aspect of the present invention provides a circuit and arrangement for generating and amplifying an electric scalar potential field and a method for capturing the associated available electromagnetic energy into the system. The device is comprised of a transformer whose primary is powered periodically by short pulse durations; a resonant coupled transformer secondary circuit with synchronous parameter variation; and an extraction circuit of appropriate impedance and components to provide isolation and distribution to load.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTIONS

The invention relates generally to the synthesis of electrical energy using a device and method of energy synthesis, phasing and switching of passive elements whereby the collection of excess voltage gradient potential from the ambient occurs in usable form to power a load without additional dissipation as power and work from a closed loop power source.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND RELATED ART

Refer to FIG. 1. Operation of a normal isolation transformer alternating current (AC) power supply consists of an isolation transformer (1) whose primary side (4) is being powered by a conventional current signal and induced EMF (electromotive force) of sinusoidal form from the mains power supply (3). The secondary side (5) of the isolation transformer then powers the load (2) by a current and EMF produced by the mutual induction of the magnetic flux linkages in the core of the isolation transformer. For the purposes of illustration, the load being powered is of a resistive nature. The EMF induced in the secondary side of the isolation transformer is directly proportional to the mutual inductance between the primary and secondary coils of the transformer and the change in current with respect to time in the primary coil of the isolation transformer. The conventional method of operating an isolation transformer is purely dissipative with respect to time from a sinusoidal signal from the view of the source since the source is at all times connected to the secondary coil by means of mutual induction between the secondary and the primary coils. This is due to the fact that power is the time-rate of performing work and work being defined by the dissipation of energy so, since there is a continuous sourcing of energy from the power source with respect to time, the power supply is a constant power supply source, which operates in a constant dissipative nature from the moving electrons mass.

The Coefficient of Performance (COP) is typically used to represent the efficiency of the system. The COP is physically defined as the amount of energy dissipated by the load divided by the amount of energy supplied to the system by the power source. COP is also defined as the power output into the load divided by the power input into the generator-load combination. In an ideal system, If there are no internal losses then the COP of the system would be 1.0 meaning all the power input into the system from the source would be dissipated totally by the load.

In modern generators of electrical energy presently in use, there always exist losses due to internal resistance, parasitic and nonparasitic reactance, eddy and dielectric heating and, inefficient generator design. If the reactive elements (capacitor and/or inductor) are not balanced there would exist dissipation by means of reactive losses and since most electrical energy generators involve the use of conductors and switches, there will exist always some internal resistance and internal dissipation so the standard operation of a normal AC operated isolation transformer electrical generator would always produce a COP of less than one.

Bringing an electrical generator into resonance requires tuning the system with passive elements however in a typical AC generator system the load is continuously connected to the source to form a closed loop system and therefore considerably limits the COP of the system. In a unipolar generator system, an AC generator of equivalent power or more can be synthesized with a fraction of the time the physical power supply is connected to load to considerably reduce power consumption and capture excess energy.

Every point in space-time has a certain value of Webers associated with it. This is the scalar superpotential field (X). An electric scalar potential field (φ) is a potential field from which electric force fields derive. It is typically referred to as voltage field. It arises from the time derivative of the scalar superpotential (d_(X)/dt). It is a scalar field with units of Volts or Webers/second. When the magnitude of flux at a point changes over time, a voltage or electric scalar potential exists there so, the electric scalar potential field φ=d_(X)/dt.

The magnetic vector potential (A) is a potential field from which magnetic force fields derive. It derives from the gradient in the scalar superpotential (∇_(X)). It is a vector field with units of Webers/meter. The scalar superpotential displacement surrounding and being dragged along a wire by an electric current is one example of the magnetic vector potential so, the magnetic vector potential A=∇_(X)

The electric field (E) is a field that imparts force on charged matter. It arises “either” from a gradient in the electric scalar potential (∇_(φ)) or a time derivative of magnetic vector potential dA/dt. This is a force field with units of Volts/meter or Webers/meter-second. An electric field is essentially voltage changing over a distance, but is equivalently a time-changing magnetic vector potential field so, E=−∇φ (a static electric field that is the slope of a voltage field that declines over some distance) and E=−dA/dt (a dynamic electric field) and since the electric field cannot be described independently of the magnetic field, the electric field (better defined as a dielectric field) E=−∇_(φ)−dA/dt.

In a unipolar switched electrical generator having an energized inductor component, the electric field equation has to account for its derivative effects in three states. These states consist of 1) switched on state; 2) on state; and 3) switched off state. During the switched on state, the inductor is instantaneously charged to the physical supply voltage then discharges with time as the current builds up in the inductor to such point in time where the current is at its steady state value whereby no potential difference exists across the inductor coil. At such time where the circuit is in a steady state mode of operation, the circuit is considered to be in its on state. In both the switched on state and the on state, the circuit is being supplied energy by the physical power source and the voltage field across the circuit eventually takes on the value of the physical power source. The magnetic vector field is a function of the current translated along the wire and if the current through the inductor ramps up with respect to time, so does the magnetic vector potential change with respect to time however, during the time from switched on up to the time of steady state operation the electric field associated with the change in the magnetic vector potential changes from its maximum value (instantaneous rise) to zero while the electric field due to the gradient in the scalar potential field goes from zero to it maximum value which stabilizes at the electric field associated with the physical power supply source voltage.

Remembering that the current flowing in an inductor of N turns stores it's energy in the magnetic field (B) of the inductor during the on state via the curl of the magnetic vector potential (derived from the current) and is typically expressed by B=∇×A from Ampere's Law. Upon switching off the circuit a back electromotive force (Volts) develops across the inductor, in the opposite polarity, of almost pure voltage potential due to the fact that the circuit while energized with current has “instantaneously”, for all intents and purposes, become an open circuit of very high impedance. Because the current vanished instantly the field collapses at a velocity approaching that of light. As EMF is directly related to velocity of flux, EMF tends towards infinity. This almost pure potential, activated during the switched off state can be further amplified, collected and utilized without an internal supply powering the circuit at periodic intervals.

By timing, switching, modulating, tuning, geometric proportioning, collecting and impedance optimization, one can collect excess energy from the ambient background with a fraction of the power from an equivalent continuous load AC generator.

A search of prior art failed to reveal any devices that collect, resonate, amplify and extract available energy from the back EMF of and electromagnetic solid state unipolar driven generator. However, a search of prior art patents were reviewed. The following prior art patents were reviewed:

1. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,627 to Fornage, et al., Power conversion circuit arrangements utilizing resonant alternating current linkage

2. U.S. Pat. No. 9,209,720 to Feldman, et al., Energy transfer between data storage devices with moving parts

3. U.S. Pat. No. 9,222,867 to Norling, et al., Resonant micromachined biochemical sensor

4. U.S. Pat. No. 9,230,730 to Heins; Thane C., Bitoroidal topology transformer

5. U.S. Pat. No. 9,240,742 to Erickson, et al., Current boost circuit

6. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,617 to Nishiakawa; Yukihiro, Resonant DC-DC converter control device

7. U.S. Pat. No. 9,263,948 to Vovos, et al., Input output balanced bidirectional buckboost converters and associated systems and methods

8. U.S. Pat. No. 9,263,977 to Yoshiya; Takashi, Current detection circuit, motor driving device, magnetic disk storage device, and electronic appliance

9. U.S. Pat. No. 9,293,952 to Meeker; David C., Wound field flux switching machine with sinusoidal back electromotive force

10. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,630 to Miao; Lei, Control circuit for a synchronous rectification circuit, LLC resonant converter and associated method

11. U.S. Pat. No. 9,374,852 to Bilchinsky, et al., Device and method for heating using RF energy

12. U.S. Pat. No. 9,374,887 to Warne, et al., Single resonator double negative metamaterial

13. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,431 to Flores Cuadras, et al., Electromagnetic open loop antenna with self coupling element

14. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,555 to Huynh; Steven, Adaptive power source for wireless power transmitter

15. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,572 to Ichikawa, et al., Contactless power transmitting device, contactless power receiving device, and contactless power transfer system

16. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,573 to Byun, et al., Power transmitter and method for controlling power transmission

17. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,617 to Nishikawa; Yukihiro, Resonant DCDC converter control device

18. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,650 to Chew, et al., Enhanced inductive sense using mutual inductance

19. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,686 to Yun, et al., Resonator with a staggered electrode configuration

20. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,733 to Lee; TeHsi Terrence, Synchronous modulation resonator with sigma delta modulator

21. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,798 to Guermandi, et al., Modulation circuit for a radio device and a method thereof

22. U.S. Pat. No. 9,380,656 to Radermacher; Harald Josef Gunther, Power control unit and method for controlling electrical power provided to a load, in particular an LED unit, and voltage control unit for controlling an output voltage of a converter unit 23. U.S. Pat. No. 5,356,534 to Zimmermann, deceased et al., Magnetic-Field Amplifier

24. U.S. Pat. No. 9,379,926 to Berretta, et al., Modulation technique for transmitting and receiving radio vortices

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The device and method of the present invention is a solid state electromagnetic generator that recovers and amplifies the combination of the forward and back electromotive force to an energy level of COP=0.97 or more or less, depending upon the circuit configuration, component ratings, coil geometry, transformer core magnetic properties, switching frequency, pulse duration, output impedance and number of paralleled circuit stages. The generator is initially energized from a small battery or a suitable sized mains power supply driven by a unipolar drive signal of the appropriate frequency and pulse width where upon de-energizing the generator the combination of the forward and backward electromotive forces are brought into a state of resonance with an associated voltage and current amplification. The amplified current produces a changing magnetic flux in a transformer core of suitable magnetic properties and geometry. The magnetic flux produces a current and electromotive force in the secondary of the transformer whose components are selected such that a state of resonance is maintained allowing essentially full power transfer less minute losses. The secondary side of the resonant circuit is further amplified by switching in and out a suitable sized inductor forming a parametric oscillator that resonates at a harmonic frequency of the fundamental formed by the energizing side of the circuit. The energy produced by both stages of amplification is captured and directed to a load while being isolated from the source dipole.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of the typical operation of a normal isolation transformer alternating current (AC) power supply. FIG. 2 is an illustration of the typical operation of a normal isolation transformer unipolar power supply where the forward and back electromotive force are resonated.

FIG. 3 is an illustration of the typical operation of a normal isolation transformer unipolar power supply where the back electromotive force is not resonated.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of the typical operation of a normal isolation transformer unipolar power supply where the transferred resonant electromotive force is further amplified by parametric oscillatory means.

FIG. 5 is an illustration of the storage, isolation and load powering extraction circuit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Suppose a circuit was employed as shown in FIG. 2. The circuit consists of a transistor switch (1) that is driven by a unipolar pulse width modulated signal (pwm) (2). The primary (3) of an isolation transformer (4) is connected between the collector/drain (5) of the transistor switch and the power supply (6) while the secondary of the isolation transformer (7) is placed in parallel (or series) with a capacitor (8) of suitable value and the resistive load (9). As the pwm signals the transistor in a fashion suitable for activating the transistor whereby changing the transistor state from off to on, “electron mass” current is allowed to flow through the primary of the isolation transformer. The inductance of the primary of the isolation transformer acts in a manner such that it manifests a magnetic field oriented in a fashion such that it resists the change in the current flowing through the primary of the transformer thereby allowing a current of changing magnitude with respect to time to flow through the primary side circuit until if such time is allowed that the electron mass current reaches its steady state equilibrium magnitude.

If the pwm signal to the transistor is placed in a state where it changes the transistor state from on to off, the magnetic field in the primary inductance of the transformer becomes a power source by collapsing/changing with respect time but with a polarity which is reverse biased causing a reverse biased potential difference in the circuit which causes an electron massless current of reverse polarity to attempt to flow through the transistor however since the transistor is in an off state, the impedance of the transistor is of considerable magnitude which restricts the flow of the reversal current which causes an considerable gradient potential difference to develop across the transistor of such magnitude that significant damage to the transistor and other switching components can manifest. It is of common practice to place a reverse biased diode (See FIG. 3, (8)) in parallel with an inductance to redirect the electron massless current to a suitable component capable of storing the charge associated with this electron massless current.

It is of considerable importance to note that when the transistor is placed in its off/non-conducting state, the forward biased power supply is disconnected from the system and allows no dissipative electron mass current to flow through the system thereby allowing no work to be performed on the system by the physical power supply source however, since the collapsing field of the inductance of the primary of the transformer now becomes a power source during the part of the off state of the switching cycle, there exists the ability under the proper system conditions to extract useful energy from the local environment of equal or greater magnitude than what has been supplied to the system from the physical power supply source.

It is well known in the art that the gradient potential associated with the energy supply from the local environment into the system is sometimes call the back electromotive force (BEMF). Since the physical power supply is disconnected from the system during the extraction of the energy supplied from the local environment, the system has to be considered an open system and therefore there is no violation of the laws of thermodynamics or the law of conservation of energy. The additional energy is simply supplied from the local environment.

Again referencing FIG. 2, meaningful amplification of the combined physical power supply and local environment supplied energy can occur if one institutes the appropriate frequency and pulse duration of a unipolar switching signal such that a state of resonance occurs in the system whereby the self and mutual inductive and capacitive reactance's neutralizes one another and amplification of the absolute value of the combined internal and external gradient potentials occurs. The resultant output waveform in a state of resonance in this circuit configuration is and alternating current waveform. Hereto forward, this amplification shall be referred to as Stage 1 Amplification.

It is of considerable importance to note that the switching signal driving the transistor switch that is connected to the primary side is unipolar with a pulse width typically of less than a half cycle and of equal importance to note that the output waveform of the secondary side of the transformer at resonance is an alternating current (AC) waveform as if the primary of the transformer was driven by a bipolar signal.

In FIG. 4, an interesting event occurs of considerable importance if a switchable inductance (10) is added in parallel, or series, with the transformer secondary coil (7) and the secondary capacitance (8). If the switch (11) is activated and deactivated forming a closed path of short duration at a frequency that is a certain number of cycles off resonance, an oscillatory harmonic resonant condition can occur whereby additional local environment supplied energy can be pumped into the secondary system for further amplification of the gradient potential in addition to the amplification resulting from Stage I Amplification. The waveform of the secondary already consisting of an AC waveform shape from the stage I amplification process is now further amplified by an increasing exponential factor which results in a new waveform which under proper system conditions, consists of an exponential increasing amplitude AC waveform that continuously increases in amplitude until either the system components give failure, which typically damages the system, or a system failure protection circuit is incorporated into the circuit such that it limits or controls the amplification magnitude. Hereto forward, the amplification process introduced by the system configuration of FIG. 4 shall be referred to as Stage II Amplification.

An extraction circuit also capable of controlling and maintaining a state of safe and optimal working circuit conditions is illustrated in FIG. 5. Replacing the load (9) of FIG. 4 with a suitably sized extraction circuit as illustrated in FIG. 5 consisting of a bridge rectifier (21) for rectification of the fundamental and harmonic resonant energies circulating in the system, an isolation circuit consisting of transistor switches (11) and (12) that is triggered by a signal (16) of appropriate timing that is used to isolate the Stage I and II amplification stages from the load discharging circuit, a capacitor (18) of the appropriate size and storage rating that exhibits an impedance suitable for rapid charging and, load discharging components (14), (15) and (19) triggered by a signal (17) that powers the load (9).

Recalling that the output waveform of Stage H Amplification has an exponential increasing amplitude, timing circuitry is employed such that transistor switches (1), (11) and (12) of FIG. 5 are placed in an on state so to allow the charging of the capacitor (18) to a predetermined voltage level within a predetermined amount of time. At such time where this voltage level is achieved, the transistor switches are placed in an off state where no power is supplied by the physical power supply (6) or the ambient background and where the impedance between the amplification stage(s) and the charged capacitor are considerably high. At this time the charged capacitor is then discharged into a load. Depending on the load requirements, operating frequency and the voltage level of the charged capacitor, a step down or step up transformer (15) of suitable turns, ampacity, core permeability and coupling factor can be incorporated to optimally power a load. The method just described ensures isolation of the output load from the amplification stages and the physical power supply along with regulating the amount of amplified energy entering the system and stored in the capacitor ensuring rated operating parameters are not exceeded.

No laws of physics or thermodynamics have been violated in the present invention and the law of conservation of energy holds true. An open system not in thermodynamic equilibrium with the active vacuum flux operating under proper conditions becomes a sink for available excess energy via the return electromotive force and can be further optimized by means of employing fundamental and harmonic resonant amplification and extraction methods.

The invention has been described referencing means, methods and embodiments. It should be understood that the invention presented is not limited to the particulars described and extends to all identical within the scope of the claims. 

What I claim as my invention is:
 1. A solid state back electromotive force unipolar electromagnetic generator amplifier using an extraction and amplification process for capturing and utilizing electromagnetic energy in the system comprising a means for pulse signaling input energy to said generator for a duration less than a fraction of a cycle where the said energy to generator is converted and amplified over a full Cycle.
 2. Means and method of transferring and further amplifying said converted and previously amplified energy.
 3. Said circuit of timing for supplying sequence of timed signals for switching, amplifying, capturing, isolating and utilizing excess energy from the said scalar superpotential.
 4. A system or network of passive components, switches and windings constructed geometrically in a manner such that available energy from the local environment can be extracted, collected and utilized with no moving parts. 